Does the New Testament Quote the Old Testament Out of Context?

Does the New Testament Quote the Old Testament Out of Context? by Craig Keener



See also Steve Hays interaction in the comments section of his blog HERE. Steve does a great job explaining how the New Testament authors legitimately quoted the Old Testament.


I also wrote the following comments in Steve's blog:

This might help or hurt. According to some Messianic Jews there are:

Four categories of quotations in the New Testment of the Old Testament. Using a common Jewish hermeneutical approach called Pardes/PaRDeS.

Arnold Fruchtenbaum argues [in his article How the New Testament Quotes the Old Testament] the following four ways.

*P*ardes
Literal Prophecy Plus Literal Fulfillment: Pshat
The first category is known as “literal prophecy plus literal fulfillment,” reflecting the rabbinic pshat, which refers to the simple meaning of the text. The example of this first category is found in Matthew 2:5 6.

pa*R*des
Literal Plus Typical: Remez
The second category of quotations can be labeled “literal plus typical.” In rabbinic theology it was known are remez or “hint.” An example of this category is found in Matthew 2:15.

par*D*es
Literal Plus Application: Drash
The third category is “literal plus application,” correlating with the rabbinic drash. The example of this category is Matthew 2:17 18.

parde*S*
Summation: Sod
The fourth category is “summation” or “summary.” The meaning of sod is “secret” or “mystery” or “something unknown.” The example of the fourth category is found in Matthew 2:23.

(cf. this article A Look at Messianic Prophecy: Four Ways the New Testament Authors Use the Hebrew Bible)

Typology And Simplistic Skepticism by Steve Hays

The Nature Of Biblical Prophecy Fulfillment by Jason Engwer

I would also recommend Michael L. Brown's five volume work Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus. Since I possess all five volumes, I can definitely say that Brown answers all the major objections to Jesus as the prophesied Messiah in the Old Testament. See also my related blog:

What Do You Think About The Messiah?

Isa. 7:14, Matt. 1:23 and the Virgin Birth
http://bibledifficultiesanswered.blogspot.com/2015/06/isa-714-matt-123-and-virgin-birth.html

More Links:

How the New Testament Quotes the Old Testament  by Arnold Fruchtenbaum

Here is a link to Arnold Fruchtenbaum's 21 part lecture series on The Life of the Messiah (now titled "The Jewish Life of Christ")

Fruchtenbaum explains PaRDeS in audio lecture #3.

Lecture 1	Lecture 2	Lecture 3	Lecture 4	Lecture 5	Lecture 6	Lecture 7
Lecture 8	Lecture 9	Lecture 10	Lecture 11	Lecture 12	Lecture 13	Lecture 14
Lecture 15	Lecture 16	Lecture 17	Lecture 18	Lecture 19	Lecture 20	Lecture 21

A Look at Messianic Prophecy: Four Ways the New Testament Authors Use the Hebrew Bible

Does the New Testament misquote the Old Testament?

by Robert Plummer

https://youtu.be/c2I6KgoLSIs